diff --git a/refresh_coordinator.go b/refresh_coordinator.go
index 80cb187..d270f0d 100644
--- a/refresh_coordinator.go
+++ b/refresh_coordinator.go
@@ -672,7 +672,6 @@ func (rc *RefreshCoordinator) isInCooldown(sessionID string) bool {
 			}
 			return &attemptState{
 				windowStartNano: nowNano,
-				attempts:        1,
 			}
 		})
 		return false
@@ -686,7 +685,7 @@ func (rc *RefreshCoordinator) isInCooldown(sessionID string) bool {
 			}
 			next := *s
 			next.windowStartNano = nowNano
-			next.attempts = 1
+			next.attempts = 0
 			return &next
 		})
 		return false
@@ -939,20 +938,28 @@ func (cb *RefreshCircuitBreaker) AllowRequest() bool {
 		return true
 	case 1: // open
 		lastFail := atomic.LoadInt64(&cb.lastFailureNano)
-		if time.Duration(time.Now().UnixNano()-lastFail) > cb.config.OpenDuration {
-			// Transition to half-open; first CAS winner gets the probe.
-			if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&cb.state, 1, 2) {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
-		return false
-	case 2: // half-open
-		return true
+		return cb.claimProbe(lastFail)
+	case 2: // half-open: one probe at a time; a stale probe is replaced
+		return cb.claimProbe(atomic.LoadInt64(&cb.lastFailureNano))
 	default:
 		return false
 	}
 }
 
+// claimProbe admits one probe when OpenDuration has passed since lastFail.
+// The CAS on lastFailureNano makes the claim exclusive and restarts the clock.
+func (cb *RefreshCircuitBreaker) claimProbe(lastFail int64) bool {
+	now := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	if time.Duration(now-lastFail) <= cb.config.OpenDuration {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt64(&cb.lastFailureNano, lastFail, now) {
+		return false
+	}
+	atomic.StoreInt32(&cb.state, 2)
+	return true
+}
+
 // RecordSuccess records a successful operation. Lock-free.
 func (cb *RefreshCircuitBreaker) RecordSuccess() {
 	switch atomic.LoadInt32(&cb.state) {
diff --git a/refresh_window_halfopen_test.go b/refresh_window_halfopen_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ced95df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/refresh_window_halfopen_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package traefikoidc
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// After a window reset the tracker must allow the full MaxRefreshAttempts,
+// the same as a fresh tracker.
+func TestRefreshWindowResetAllowsFullQuota(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := DefaultRefreshCoordinatorConfig()
+	cfg.MaxRefreshAttempts = 3
+	cfg.RefreshAttemptWindow = 50 * time.Millisecond
+	cfg.RefreshCooldownPeriod = time.Hour
+	rc := NewRefreshCoordinator(cfg, GetSingletonNoOpLogger())
+	defer rc.Shutdown()
+
+	pass := func() int {
+		n := 0
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			if rc.isInCooldown("s") {
+				break
+			}
+			rc.recordRefreshAttempt("s")
+			n++
+		}
+		return n
+	}
+	if got := pass(); got != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("fresh window passes=%d want 3", got)
+	}
+	// Window expiry alone cannot reset while in cooldown, so use a new
+	// session that never hits the cap: record 1, wait out the window.
+	rc.recordRefreshAttempt("w")
+	time.Sleep(80 * time.Millisecond)
+	n := 0
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		if rc.isInCooldown("w") {
+			break
+		}
+		rc.recordRefreshAttempt("w")
+		n++
+	}
+	if n != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("post-reset window passes=%d want 3", n)
+	}
+}
+
+// Half-open admits a single probe until it reports.
+func TestRefreshBreakerHalfOpenSingleProbe(t *testing.T) {
+	cb := &RefreshCircuitBreaker{config: RefreshCircuitBreakerConfig{
+		MaxFailures: 1, OpenDuration: 20 * time.Millisecond, HalfOpenRequests: 1,
+	}}
+	cb.RecordFailure()
+	time.Sleep(40 * time.Millisecond)
+	var admitted int32
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			if cb.AllowRequest() {
+				atomic.AddInt32(&admitted, 1)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	if admitted != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("half-open admitted %d, want 1", admitted)
+	}
+	cb.RecordSuccess()
+	if !cb.AllowRequest() {
+		t.Fatal("breaker must close after probe success")
+	}
+}
+
+// A probe that never reports must not wedge the breaker.
+func TestRefreshBreakerHalfOpenProbeTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	cb := &RefreshCircuitBreaker{config: RefreshCircuitBreakerConfig{
+		MaxFailures: 1, OpenDuration: 20 * time.Millisecond, HalfOpenRequests: 1,
+	}}
+	cb.RecordFailure()
+	time.Sleep(40 * time.Millisecond)
+	if !cb.AllowRequest() || cb.AllowRequest() {
+		t.Fatal("want exactly one probe")
+	}
+	time.Sleep(40 * time.Millisecond)
+	if !cb.AllowRequest() {
+		t.Fatal("stale probe must allow a new one")
+	}
+}