Configuration Management:

Optimized the getDetailsFromEnv function to reduce redundant lookups and improve type handling
Added direct environment variable access for better performance

Memory Cache Optimization:

Implemented a size-based compression threshold (1KB) to avoid compressing small payloads
Added cache size limits (10,000 entries) to prevent memory leaks
Implemented efficient eviction strategies for the oldest entries
Added atomic counter for thread-safe cache size tracking
Improved cleanup routines with GC triggering for large caches

Proxy Implementation:

Refactored the proxy code into smaller, focused functions for better maintainability
Optimized gzip handling for better performance
Improved error handling and logging
Enhanced tracing integration

GraphQL Processing:

Optimized introspection query checking with fast-path returns
Improved object pool usage
Added detailed comments for better code understanding
Split complex functions into smaller, more focused ones
Fixed test compatibility issues with introspection checking

Request Processing:

Refactored the request processing logic into smaller, focused functions
Separated user extraction, caching, and request handling for better maintainability
Improved error handling and response generation

Tracing Enhancements:

Added better span context management
Implemented custom attributes for more detailed tracing
Added sampling configuration to reduce overhead
Improved resource attribution with host and process information
Added timeout handling for tracing operations

Application Lifecycle:

Implemented graceful shutdown with proper signal handling
Added goroutine management with wait groups
Improved startup sequence with better error handling
Added timeout handling for shutdown operations

tracing/tracing.go

@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"time"
 
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
@@ -34,36 +36,63 @@ func NewTracing(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) (*TracingSetup, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("endpoint cannot be empty")
 	}
 
-	conn, err := grpc.DialContext(ctx, endpoint,
+	// Create a timeout context for connection establishment
+	dialCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// Connect to the collector with improved options
+	conn, err := grpc.DialContext(dialCtx, endpoint,
 		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
 		grpc.WithBlock(),
 		grpc.WithReturnConnectionError(),
+		grpc.WithDefaultCallOptions(grpc.MaxCallRecvMsgSize(16*1024*1024)), // 16MB max message size
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create gRPC connection to collector: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	exporter, err := otlptracegrpc.New(ctx, otlptracegrpc.WithGRPCConn(conn))
+	// Create the exporter
+	exporter, err := otlptracegrpc.New(ctx,
+		otlptracegrpc.WithGRPCConn(conn),
+		otlptracegrpc.WithTimeout(5*time.Second),
+	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create trace exporter: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	// Create a resource with more detailed attributes
 	res, err := resource.New(ctx,
 		resource.WithAttributes(
 			semconv.ServiceName("graphql-monitoring-proxy"),
+			semconv.ServiceVersion("1.0"),
+			semconv.DeploymentEnvironment("production"),
+			attribute.String("application.type", "proxy"),
 		),
+		resource.WithHost(),      // Add host information
+		resource.WithOSType(),    // Add OS information
+		resource.WithProcessPID(), // Add process information
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create resource: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	// Create the tracer provider with improved configuration
 	tracerProvider := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(
-		sdktrace.WithBatcher(exporter),
+		sdktrace.WithBatcher(exporter,
+			// Configure batch processing
+			sdktrace.WithMaxExportBatchSize(512),
+			sdktrace.WithBatchTimeout(3*time.Second),
+			sdktrace.WithMaxQueueSize(2048),
+		),
 		sdktrace.WithResource(res),
+		sdktrace.WithSampler(sdktrace.TraceIDRatioBased(0.1)), // Sample 10% of traces
 	)
+	
+	// Set the global tracer provider and propagator
 	otel.SetTracerProvider(tracerProvider)
 	otel.SetTextMapPropagator(propagation.TraceContext{})
 
+	// Create a tracer
 	tracer := tracerProvider.Tracer("graphql-monitoring-proxy")
 
 	return &TracingSetup{
@@ -105,9 +134,40 @@ func (ts *TracingSetup) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 // StartSpan starts a new span with the given name and parent context
 func (ts *TracingSetup) StartSpan(ctx context.Context, name string) (trace.Span, context.Context) {
-	if ts.tracer == nil {
+	if ts == nil || ts.tracer == nil {
+		// Return a no-op span if tracing is not configured
 		return trace.SpanFromContext(ctx), ctx
 	}
-	ctx, span := ts.tracer.Start(ctx, name)
+	
+	// Add common attributes to all spans
+	opts := []trace.SpanStartOption{
+		trace.WithAttributes(
+			semconv.ServiceName("graphql-monitoring-proxy"),
+			semconv.ServiceVersion("1.0"),
+		),
+	}
+	
+	ctx, span := ts.tracer.Start(ctx, name, opts...)
+	return span, ctx
+}
+
+// StartSpanWithAttributes starts a new span with custom attributes
+func (ts *TracingSetup) StartSpanWithAttributes(ctx context.Context, name string, attrs map[string]string) (trace.Span, context.Context) {
+	if ts == nil || ts.tracer == nil {
+		return trace.SpanFromContext(ctx), ctx
+	}
+	
+	// Convert string attributes to KeyValue pairs
+	attributes := make([]attribute.KeyValue, 0, len(attrs)+2)
+	attributes = append(attributes,
+		semconv.ServiceName("graphql-monitoring-proxy"),
+		semconv.ServiceVersion("1.0"),
+	)
+	
+	for k, v := range attrs {
+		attributes = append(attributes, attribute.String(k, v))
+	}
+	
+	ctx, span := ts.tracer.Start(ctx, name, trace.WithAttributes(attributes...))
 	return span, ctx
 }