docs: modernize README + add SVG logo + inspiration story

- New 'Story behind Adam' section at the top: the project is named after
  the author's newborn son, whose observe-act-adjust-observe-again
  learning loop is the methodology ADAM applies to LLM sessions.
- New SVG logo at assets/logo.svg: stylized 'A' with a captured
  observation point inside the apex and a feedback crossbar. Uses
  currentColor + gradient so it adapts to light/dark GitHub themes.
- Centered header block with project tagline + 5 badges (License,
  Version, Tests, Node, Platform).
- New 'Highlights' section: 8 emoji-tagged one-liners covering the
  v0.3.3 design pillars (zero LLM cost observation, A/B measurement,
  sliding windows, observability, etc.).
- New 'How it works' ASCII pipeline diagram: observation -> analysis
  pre-processors -> analyst -> review + apply.
- Signals table now includes per-signal sliding window column.
- Rubric section restructured: gates, modifiers (dampener), and
  skill_edit-specific requirements clearly separated.
- New 'Inspecting the analyst's reasoning' section documenting
  adam-explain.mjs + /reflect --explain.
- Layout updated for v0.3.3 state files (active-nudges.json,
  ab-tracking.jsonl, reinforcements.jsonl, last-trace.txt) and all
  9 new helper scripts under adam/scripts/.
- Test count: 27 -> 87.
- Closing line crediting Adam.

assets/logo.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 160 160" width="160" height="160" role="img" aria-label="claude-adam logo">
+  <title>claude-adam</title>
+  <desc>A stylized letter A with a captured observation point inside its apex — the friction signal that ADAM watches for.</desc>
+  <defs>
+    <linearGradient id="adam-stroke" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
+      <stop offset="0%" stop-color="currentColor" stop-opacity="1"/>
+      <stop offset="100%" stop-color="currentColor" stop-opacity="0.78"/>
+    </linearGradient>
+  </defs>
+  <g fill="none" stroke="url(#adam-stroke)" stroke-width="11" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
+    <!-- Left leg + apex + right leg as one continuous stroke -->
+    <path d="M 28 134 L 80 22 L 132 134"/>
+    <!-- Crossbar — the feedback line -->
+    <path d="M 48 96 L 112 96"/>
+  </g>
+  <!-- Captured observation: the signal inside the upper triangle -->
+  <circle cx="80" cy="72" r="7" fill="currentColor"/>
+</svg>